使用Spring AOP和自定义注解进行参数检查

引言

使用SpringMVC作为Controller层进行Web开发时,经常会需要对Controller中的方法进行参数检查。本来SpringMVC自带@Valid和@Validated两个注解可用来检查参数,但只能检查参数是bean的情况,对于参数是String、Long等Java自带类型的就不适用了(但是还可以用@NotNull、@NotBlank、@NotEmpty等),而且有时候这两个注解又突然失效了(没有仔细去调查过原因)。对此,其实我们自己也可以利用Spring的AOP和自定义注解,自己写一个参数校验的功能。

代码示例

注意:本节代码只是一个演示,给出一个可行的思路,并非完整的解决方案。

本项目是一个简单Web项目,使用到了:Spring、SpringMVC、Maven、JDK1.8

项目结构:

自定义注解:

ValidParam.java:

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package com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
* 标注在参数bean上,表示需要对该参数校验
*/
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface ValidParam {


}

NotNull.java:

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package com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface NotNull {

String msg() default "字段不能为空";

}

NotEmpty.java:

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package com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface NotEmpty {

String msg() default "字段不能为空";

}

切面类

ParamCheckAspect.java:

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package com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.aspect;

import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.NotEmpty;
import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.NotNull;
import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.ValidParam;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
* 参数检查切面类
*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class ParamCheckAspect {

@Before("execution(* com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.controller.*.*(..))")
public void paramCheck(JoinPoint joinPoint) throws Exception {
//获取参数对象
Object[] args = joinPoint.getArgs();
//获取方法参数
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
Parameter[] parameters = signature.getMethod().getParameters();
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
Parameter parameter = parameters[i];
//Java自带基本类型的参数(例如Integer、String)的处理方式
if (isPrimite(parameter.getType())) {
NotNull notNull = parameter.getAnnotation(NotNull.class);
if (notNull != null && args[i] == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(parameter.toString() + notNull.msg());
}
//TODO
continue;
}
/*
* 没有标注@ValidParam注解,或者是HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession时,都不做处理
*/
if (parameter.getType().isAssignableFrom(HttpServletRequest.class) || parameter.getType().isAssignableFrom(HttpSession.class) ||
parameter.getType().isAssignableFrom(HttpServletResponse.class) || parameter.getAnnotation(ValidParam.class) == null) {
continue;
}
Class<?> paramClazz = parameter.getType();
//获取类型所对应的参数对象,实际项目中Controller中的接口不会传两个相同的自定义类型的参数,所以此处直接使用findFirst()
Object arg = Arrays.stream(args).filter(ar -> paramClazz.isAssignableFrom(ar.getClass())).findFirst().get();
//得到参数的所有成员变量
Field[] declaredFields = paramClazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : declaredFields) {
field.setAccessible(true);
//校验标有@NotNull注解的字段
NotNull notNull = field.getAnnotation(NotNull.class);
if (notNull != null) {
Object fieldValue = field.get(arg);
if (fieldValue == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(field.getName() + notNull.msg());
}
}
//校验标有@NotEmpty注解的字段,NotEmpty只用在String类型上
NotEmpty notEmpty = field.getAnnotation(NotEmpty.class);
if (notEmpty != null) {
if (!String.class.isAssignableFrom(field.getType())) {
throw new RuntimeException("NotEmpty Annotation using in a wrong field class");
}
String fieldStr = (String) field.get(arg);
if (StringUtils.isBlank(fieldStr)) {
throw new RuntimeException(field.getName() + notEmpty.msg());
}
}
}
}
}

/**
* 判断是否为基本类型:包括String
* @param clazz clazz
* @return true:是; false:不是
*/
private boolean isPrimite(Class<?> clazz){
return clazz.isPrimitive() || clazz == String.class;
}

}

参数JavaBean

StudentParam.java:

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package com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.requestParam;

import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.NotEmpty;
import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.NotNull;

public class StudentParam {

@NotNull
private Integer id;
private Integer age;
@NotEmpty
private String name;


//get、set方法省略...

}

验证参数校验的Controller

TestController.java:

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package com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.controller;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.NotNull;
import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.annotation.ValidParam;
import com.lzumetal.ssm.paramcheck.requestParam.StudentParam;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class TestController {

private static Gson gson = new Gson();

@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public StudentParam checkParam(@ValidParam StudentParam param, @NotNull Integer limit) {
System.out.println(gson.toJson(param));
System.out.println(limit);
return param;
}

}

本节示例代码已上传至GitHub:https://github.com/liaosilzu2007/ssm-parent.git

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